{"id":15,"date":"2025-07-15T12:34:19","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T12:34:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/?page_id=15"},"modified":"2026-06-11T12:34:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T12:34:25","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"RESEARCH"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15\" class=\"elementor elementor-15\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abf63cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"abf63cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59cae5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"59cae5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.spin-hero{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;padding:0 10px;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;}.spin-hero-kicker{color:#B3A369;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.18em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 16px;}.spin-hero-title{color:#ffffff;font-weight:700;font-size:clamp(2rem,4.5vw,2.9rem);line-height:1.15;margin:0 0 16px;}.spin-hero-sub{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);font-size:clamp(1rem,1.6vw,1.15rem);line-height:1.75;max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;}.spin-hero-cta{display:flex;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-top:30px;}.spin-hero-cta a{display:inline-block;padding:13px 26px;border-radius:6px;font-size:15px;text-decoration:none;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;transition:background .2s,color .2s,border-color .2s;}.spin-btn-gold{background:#B3A369;color:#13294b;font-weight:700;border:1.5px solid #B3A369;}.spin-btn-gold:hover{background:#c9bb85;border-color:#c9bb85;color:#13294b;}.spin-btn-ghost{background:transparent;color:#ffffff;font-weight:600;border:1.5px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.55);}.spin-btn-ghost:hover{border-color:#B3A369;color:#B3A369;}.spin-hero-cta a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #ffffff;outline-offset:2px;}<\/style><div class=\"spin-hero\"><p class=\"spin-hero-kicker\">SPIN Group<\/p><h1 class=\"spin-hero-title\">Research<\/h1><p class=\"spin-hero-sub\">From physics-based sensing to interpretable machine learning: turning raw sensor data into decisions about material health.<\/p><div class=\"spin-hero-cta\"><a class=\"spin-btn-gold\" href=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/publications\/\">View Publications<\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5a1dce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f5a1dce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8db53be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8db53be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our Research Vision<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-271a571 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"271a571\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#444;font-size:18px;line-height:1.8;max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;\">The SPIN Group develops <span style=\"font-weight:700;color:#1a2e4a;\">computational methods<\/span> that transform raw sensor data into actionable knowledge about material health. Our research sits at the intersection of <span style=\"font-weight:700;color:#1a2e4a;\">physics-based sensing<\/span>, <span style=\"font-weight:700;color:#1a2e4a;\">signal processing<\/span>, and <span style=\"font-weight:700;color:#1a2e4a;\">machine learning<\/span>, enabling intelligent, automated inspection systems that scale across modalities and applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c79877 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8c79877\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86ef81e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86ef81e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Themes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50d3773 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50d3773\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#777;font-size:16px;margin:0 auto 36px auto;\">Three interconnected pillars that define our approach to computational NDE<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56027cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56027cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74d91aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74d91aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adcae42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"adcae42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4244\" alt=\"Illustration: physics-based sensing\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card1.jpg 660w, https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd376d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8dd376d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Physics-Based Sensing &amp; Signal Processing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6af56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6af56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color:#555;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">We acquire and process data from terahertz, ultrasonic, and X-ray modalities. Our focus is on extracting physics-informed features, time-of-flight, spectral content, attenuation maps, that capture the signatures of subsurface damage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6fdd12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d6fdd12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0803b90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0803b90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4245\" alt=\"Illustration: AI for inverse problems\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card2.jpg 660w, https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card2-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50bf1eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50bf1eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Machine Learning for NDE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf7c3c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf7c3c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color:#555;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">We develop weakly supervised and self-supervised learning frameworks that reduce reliance on manual annotation. Our pipelines combine classification, localization, and quantification, from Grad-CAM pseudo-labels to physics-informed feature maps.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc7b1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9fc7b1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-032ea10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"032ea10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4246\" alt=\"Illustration: intelligent inspection systems\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card3.jpg 660w, https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card3-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36835cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36835cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cross-Modal Validation &amp; Deployment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f6a711 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f6a711\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color:#555;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">We benchmark AI-driven inspection across modalities using X-ray ground truth, and build end-to-end pipelines designed for real-world deployment, from laboratory prototyping to field-ready systems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f437a9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f437a9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72b7e4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72b7e4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sensing Modalities<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc30231 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc30231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#777;font-size:16px;margin:0 auto 40px auto;\">Multi-modal data acquisition and cross-validation for robust damage characterization<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b2514f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b2514f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89b896e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"89b896e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9e9ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"df9e9ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card12.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4255\" alt=\"Illustration: terahertz sensing modality\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card12.jpg 660w, https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card12-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b40d02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9b40d02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Terahertz (THz)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2507b78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2507b78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#777;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;\">Time-domain spectroscopy &#038; imaging<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38684f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38684f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8a70a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dc8a70a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card13.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4256\" alt=\"Illustration: ultrasonic sensing modality\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card13.jpg 660w, https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card13-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2373216 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2373216\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ultrasonics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f11455 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f11455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#777;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;\">Phased-array &#038; guided wave inspection<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b560d7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b560d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bddcd07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bddcd07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card14.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4257\" alt=\"Illustration: X-ray sensing modality\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card14.jpg 660w, https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card14-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19ed518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19ed518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">X-Ray<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6087e00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6087e00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#777;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;\">Radiographic ground truth &#038; validation<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59165a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"59165a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure style=\"max-width:1000px;margin:34px auto 0;text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-fig-modality-comparison.jpg\" alt=\"The same impact damage imaged by ultrasonic testing, X-ray micro-computed tomography, and terahertz imaging\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;display:block;\"><figcaption style=\"font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;color:#777;font-size:13px;font-style:italic;margin-top:10px;line-height:1.6;\">One impact, three views: the same subsurface damage captured by (a) ultrasonic testing, (b) X-ray micro-computed tomography, and (c) terahertz imaging.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97fd9bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"97fd9bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1baf2af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1baf2af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Application Domains<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b254f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7b254f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#777;font-size:16px;margin:0 auto 40px auto;\">Sectors where intelligent nondestructive evaluation delivers safety and reliability<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15919f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"15919f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:16px;max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto;\"><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card4.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration: Aerospace applications\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:130px;object-fit:cover;display:block;\"><p style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin:12px 10px 14px;text-align:center;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Aerospace<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card6.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration: Civil Infrastructure applications\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:130px;object-fit:cover;display:block;\"><p style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin:12px 10px 14px;text-align:center;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Civil Infrastructure<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card5.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration: Wind Energy applications\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:130px;object-fit:cover;display:block;\"><p style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin:12px 10px 14px;text-align:center;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Wind Energy<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card7.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration: Automotive and EV applications\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:130px;object-fit:cover;display:block;\"><p style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin:12px 10px 14px;text-align:center;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Automotive &amp; EV<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card8.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration: Marine and Offshore applications\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:130px;object-fit:cover;display:block;\"><p style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin:12px 10px 14px;text-align:center;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Marine &amp; Offshore<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#fff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-card9.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration: Energy and Pipelines applications\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:130px;object-fit:cover;display:block;\"><p style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin:12px 10px 14px;text-align:center;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Energy &amp; Pipelines<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98e7df0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"98e7df0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec461d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec461d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Featured Projects<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cda268 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cda268\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#777;font-size:16px;margin:0 auto 40px auto;\">Selected ongoing and recent research<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33fd65c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33fd65c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-995bf92 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"995bf92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a142f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a142f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"height:4px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#1a2e4a,#B3A369);border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;margin-bottom:0;\"><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-fig-cscans.jpg\" alt=\"Terahertz C-scans revealing subsurface impact damage invisible on the specimen surface\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:185px;object-fit:cover;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #eceff3;\"><div style=\"padding:28px 24px 28px 24px;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;background:#eef0f4;color:#1a2e4a;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.5px;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:4px;margin-bottom:14px;\">THz \u00b7 DenseNet \u00b7 BVID<\/span><h3 style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 12px 0;line-height:1.4;\">BVID Detection in Woven GFRP Laminates<\/h3><p style=\"color:#555;font-size:14px;line-height:1.75;margin:0 0 20px 0;\">Transfer learning with a DenseNet-121 backbone classifies barely visible impact damage (BVID) in woven glass-fiber composite plates directly from terahertz time-of-flight B-scans. Ground truth is established by X-ray micro-computed tomography on a controlled low-velocity impact test bed, providing a reproducible benchmark for downstream localization and severity studies.<\/p><hr style=\"border:none;border-top:1px solid #e0e4ea;margin:0 0 16px 0;\"><p style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;margin:0;\"><span style=\"color:#B3A369;margin-right:6px;\">\u25a0<\/span>DenseNet-121 accuracy = 99.1%<\/p><p style=\"color:#8a8f99;font-size:12px;font-style:italic;margin:10px 0 0;\">Status: publication link to be added<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-344ad76 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"344ad76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be1a05a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be1a05a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"height:4px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#1a2e4a,#B3A369);border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;margin-bottom:0;\"><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-fig-gradcam-examples.jpg\" alt=\"Grad-CAM attention maps localizing impact damage on terahertz B-scans across impact energies\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:185px;object-fit:cover;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #eceff3;\"><div style=\"padding:28px 24px 28px 24px;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;background:#eef0f4;color:#1a2e4a;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.5px;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:4px;margin-bottom:14px;\">Grad-CAM \u00b7 Abaqus \u00b7 MEEP<\/span><h3 style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 12px 0;line-height:1.4;\">Physics-Guided Weakly Supervised Damage Localization<\/h3><p style=\"color:#555;font-size:14px;line-height:1.75;margin:0 0 20px 0;\">A modality-agnostic pipeline pretrains on synthetic data from coupled Abaqus\/Explicit impact simulations and MEEP electromagnetic forward models. Gradient-based saliency is converted into pseudo-labels and a quantitative severity output, removing the need for pixel-level human annotation. The same network transfers without modification from terahertz to X-ray imagery of impacted GFRP laminates.<\/p><hr style=\"border:none;border-top:1px solid #e0e4ea;margin:0 0 16px 0;\"><p style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;margin:0;\"><span style=\"color:#B3A369;margin-right:6px;\">\u25a0<\/span>Sim-to-real transfer \u00b7 zero retraining<\/p><p style=\"color:#8a8f99;font-size:12px;font-style:italic;margin:10px 0 0;\">Status: OTST 2026 abstract submitted &middot; manuscript in preparation<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-860ee3f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"860ee3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4487daf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4487daf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"height:4px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#1a2e4a,#B3A369);border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;margin-bottom:0;\"><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/spin-fig-multitier-architecture.png\" alt=\"Multi-tier neural network architecture combining CNN tiers with a physics-based interface predictor\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:185px;object-fit:contain;background:#fdfdfd;padding:8px;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #eceff3;\"><div style=\"padding:28px 24px 28px 24px;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;background:#eef0f4;color:#1a2e4a;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.5px;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:4px;margin-bottom:14px;\">FDTD \u00b7 Multi-Task \u00b7 Profilometry<\/span><h3 style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 12px 0;line-height:1.4;\">Multi-Task Subsurface Profilometry from FDTD-Synthetic THz<\/h3><p style=\"color:#555;font-size:14px;line-height:1.75;margin:0 0 20px 0;\">A three-tier multi-task network trained on one-dimensional FDTD simulations jointly predicts defect presence, interface index, ply count, defect thickness and diameter, and per-ply thicknesses with uncertainty-weighted losses. A calibrated physics-based predictor lifts interface localization accuracy from \u224814% to 91.6%, and the full pipeline transfers cleanly to an external GFRP benchmark.<\/p><hr style=\"border:none;border-top:1px solid #e0e4ea;margin:0 0 16px 0;\"><p style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;margin:0;\"><span style=\"color:#B3A369;margin-right:6px;\">\u25a0<\/span>Interface accuracy 14% \u2192 91.6%<\/p><p style=\"color:#8a8f99;font-size:12px;font-style:italic;margin:10px 0 0;\">Status: manuscript in preparation<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4536803 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4536803\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-261b1e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"261b1e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Directions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f27ceaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f27ceaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#777;font-size:16px;margin:0 auto 40px auto;\">Where the group is heading next<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-072a75d elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"072a75d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:18px;max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto;\"><div style=\"background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-top:4px solid #B3A369;border-radius:6px;padding:22px 22px 20px;text-align:left;\"><h3 style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 10px;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Multimodal Sensing<\/h3><p style=\"color:#555;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Fusing terahertz, ultrasonic, and X-ray data so each modality compensates for the blind spots of the others.<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-top:4px solid #B3A369;border-radius:6px;padding:22px 22px 20px;text-align:left;\"><h3 style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 10px;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Physics-Informed Machine Learning<\/h3><p style=\"color:#555;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Embedding wave physics, material models, and simulation priors directly into learning architectures for trustworthy, generalizable NDE.<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-top:4px solid #B3A369;border-radius:6px;padding:22px 22px 20px;text-align:left;\"><h3 style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 10px;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Weakly Supervised Defect Localization<\/h3><p style=\"color:#555;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Pixel-level damage localization from scan-level labels, using saliency, pseudo-labels, and simulation-driven supervision.<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-top:4px solid #B3A369;border-radius:6px;padding:22px 22px 20px;text-align:left;\"><h3 style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 10px;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Real-Time Inspection Systems<\/h3><p style=\"color:#555;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Algorithms and architectures that move diagnosis from offline analysis to in-situ, real-time decision making.<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-top:4px solid #B3A369;border-radius:6px;padding:22px 22px 20px;text-align:left;\"><h3 style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 10px;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Digital Twins for NDE<\/h3><p style=\"color:#555;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Simulation-backed digital replicas of structures and sensing systems for predictive maintenance and structural health monitoring.<\/p><\/div><div style=\"background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e0e4ea;border-top:4px solid #B3A369;border-radius:6px;padding:22px 22px 20px;text-align:left;\"><h3 style=\"color:#1a2e4a;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 10px;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Cybersecure Intelligent Inspection<\/h3><p style=\"color:#555;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;font-family:Alexandria,sans-serif;\">Security frameworks for sensing and data pipelines that protect the integrity of diagnostic decisions in deployed systems.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abb9986 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"abb9986\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad3d8aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad3d8aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Useful Links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6aea353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6aea353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center;color:rgba(255,255,255,0.65);font-size:16px;margin:0 auto 40px auto;\">Resources, tools, and references for our research community<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d050843 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d050843\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a0cc21 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a0cc21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da8bdd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da8bdd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;width:100%;\"><span style=\"color:#B3A369;font-size:16px;flex-shrink:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i><\/span><span style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;\">PI Google Scholar Profile<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09032fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09032fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1308f45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1308f45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~kayvonf\/misc\/cleartalktips.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;width:100%;\"><span style=\"color:#B3A369;font-size:16px;flex-shrink:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i><\/span><span style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;\">Giving a Talk<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-529345b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"529345b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2888437 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2888437\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cseweb.ucsd.edu\/\/~wgg\/CSE210\/howtoread.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;width:100%;\"><span style=\"color:#B3A369;font-size:16px;flex-shrink:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i><\/span><span style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;\">How to Read an Engineering Research Paper<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70ada72 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70ada72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca4760f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca4760f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/homes.cs.washington.edu\/~mernst\/advice\/write-technical-paper.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;width:100%;\"><span style=\"color:#B3A369;font-size:16px;flex-shrink:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i><\/span><span style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;\">How to Write a Technical Paper or a Research Paper<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f9521a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f9521a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be43b61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be43b61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.virginia.edu\/~robins\/YouAndYourResearch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;width:100%;\"><span style=\"color:#B3A369;font-size:16px;flex-shrink:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i><\/span><span style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;\">You and Your Research<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08a5f99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08a5f99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a88e1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a88e1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.phys.unsw.edu.au\/~jw\/thesis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;width:100%;\"><span style=\"color:#B3A369;font-size:16px;flex-shrink:0;\"><i class=\"fa fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i><\/span><span style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;\">How to Write a PhD Thesis<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SPIN Group Research From physics-based sensing to interpretable machine learning: turning raw sensor data into decisions about material health. View Publications Our Research Vision The SPIN Group develops computational methods that transform raw sensor data into actionable knowledge about material health. Our research sits at the intersection of physics-based sensing, signal processing, and machine learning, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"slim_seo":{"title":"RESEARCH - SPIN GROUP","description":"SPIN Group Research From physics-based sensing to interpretable machine learning: turning raw sensor data into decisions about material health. View Publication"},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/groupebm.net\/niyem.bawana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}